Why Be Good? A Historical Introduction To Ethics

In Plato's Republic, the character Thrasymachus asks whether it is important to be morally good. He contends that the only rational policy to follow is one of strict self-interest; if you can get away with it, why not do the "wrong" thing? Why be good? Ideal for courses in introductory ethics or the history of ethics, Why Be Good?: A Historical Introduction to Ethics takes up Thrasymachus' immoralist challenge, using it as a unifying theme throughout. An engaging and historically organized introduction, this unique volume explores the vital question of why we should be good. Author Duncan Richter presents a series of intriguing responses from the Western philosophical tradition, offering chapters on Plato, Aristotle, prominent thinkers in Christianity, Aquinas, Hobbes, Hume, Kant, Mill, Nietzsche, and several twentieth-century philosophers. In each chapter, Richter focuses on the main ethical theories of the philosopher(s) discussed, explaining their ideas on ethics, virtue, and character and the objections resulting from their arguments. Each chapter builds on the concepts covered in previous chapters; this historical approach results in a debate that elucidates the various theories and helps students understand each new argument as a reaction to those that preceded it. The final chapter integrates up-to-date coverage of feminist ethics; evolutionary psychology; contemporary continental philosophers (Derrida in particular); and analytic virtue ethics since Wittgenstein, with an emphasis on Elizabeth Anscombe, Philippa Foot, and Rosalind Hursthouse. In contrast with other books on the topic, this text treats all theories equally, including religious views. Focusing on character and virtue ethics, Why Be Good? encourages students to reflect on their own lives, on what it means to be good, and on why―and whether-they should be good. The text is enhanced by key terms (boldfaced the first time they appear), Questions for Further Thought at the end of each chapter, and Suggestions for Further Reading throughout.